Molecular Discovery Supports Darwin's Evolution Theory

The cells of all organisms, are composed of molecular machines built of component parts, which contributes a partial function or structural element to the machine. The mystery lies in how these machines evolved. A non-Darwinian explanation suggests that machines are "irreducibly complex", meaning it has not evolved. However, researchers have discovered that these machines although complete and complex, were a result of evolution.

Reference: Science Daily

Important Feature of Immune System Survived in Humans and Primates for 60 Million Years

The ability of vitamin D to regulate anti-bactericidal proteins, key component of the immune system, is proven to be important, because it has been retained through millions of years of evolutionary selection. Some researchers believe it is critical for the survival of the species with this mediated immune response.

Vitamin D prevents the adaptive immune response from overreacting and reduces inflammation and appears to suppress the immune response. However, the function of the new genetic element this research explored allows vitamin D to boost the innate immune response by turning on an antimicrobial protein. This will help prevent the immune system from overreacting.

Reference: Science Daily

Advance in Understanding the Birth and Early Universe

Scientists from the LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory) in Louisiana detected primordial gravitational waves (ripples in the fabric of space and time) that were created as the universe expanded in its earliest moments. These waves are "stochastic background" carries information about the universe after the Big Bang.

Reference: spaceref.com

Insight of Evolution of Higher Life

Human beings may not have existed without the ancient fusing of two prokaryotes - actinobacteria and clostridia - to create 'double-membrane' prokaryotes, life forms without cellular nucleus. According to James Lake, UCLA molecular biologist, discovered the first prokaryote endosymbiosis (all other known endosymbiosis involved cell that contains a nucleus).

The oxygen on Earth is the result of a subgroup of these double-membrane prokaryotes, called cyanobacteria. They harnessed the sun's energy using photosynthesis to produce oxygen. Furthermore, the double-membrane prokaryotic fusion supplied the mitochondria that are present in every human cell.

Reference

University of California - Los Angeles. "Research Reveals Major Insight Into Evolution Of Life On Earth." ScienceDaily 20 August 2009. 21 August 2009 .