Human beings may not have existed without the ancient fusing of two prokaryotes - actinobacteria and clostridia - to create 'double-membrane' prokaryotes, life forms without cellular nucleus. According to James Lake, UCLA molecular biologist, discovered the first prokaryote endosymbiosis (all other known endosymbiosis involved cell that contains a nucleus).
The oxygen on Earth is the result of a subgroup of these double-membrane prokaryotes, called cyanobacteria. They harnessed the sun's energy using photosynthesis to produce oxygen. Furthermore, the double-membrane prokaryotic fusion supplied the mitochondria that are present in every human cell.
Reference
University of California - Los Angeles. "Research Reveals Major Insight Into Evolution Of Life On Earth." ScienceDaily 20 August 2009. 21 August 2009 .
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