Current cryptography relies on factoring huge numbers where modern computers have difficultly to efficiently complete the task. Now, researchers find using Shor's Algorithm (based on nuclear magnetic resonance ) for first factoring in a chip scale quantum computer maybe practical on code cracking and quantum computing. Since a quantum computer uses a qubit, it makes it exponentially faster to solve problems like factoring (allowing the computer to test more solutions at a time) Although quantum factoring machine is decades away, chip-scale optical architectures can help in applications like quantum key distribution or simulate quantum systems in physics experiments.
Reference: IEEE Spectrum
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